the European coastline

Europe’s coastline is long. Some parts are high (cliff areas), like the coastlines of Norway and Scotland. Others are low and flat (beach areas), like the coastlines of the Netherlands and Denmark. The main features are:

•   Peninsulas are land that is surrounded by water on three sides.
•   Gulfs are parts of the ocean or sea that extend into the land. For example, the Gulf of Bothnia in the Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Lion in the Mediterranean Sea.
•  Capes are areas of land that extend beyond the coastline.
•  Fjords are long, narrow, deep valleys formed by glaciers on the Scandinavian Peninsula.
•   Rías are coastal valleys that have been flooded by the ocean. They are the north-west of the Iberian Peninsula.
•  Islands are pieces of land that are completely surrounded by water. Five European countries are islands: the United Kingdom, Ireland, Malta, Cyprus and Iceland.

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